Gross Calorific Value (GCV) for torrefied and non-torrefied biomass pellets:

GCV of Biomass Materials (Torrefied vs. Non-Torrefied) to understand:

Biomass Material	GCV Non-Torrefied (kcal/kg)	GCV Torrefied (kcal/kg)	Factors Affecting GCV	Typical Uses
Wood Chips	3800-4000	4200-4500	Moisture content, wood species	Biomass power plants, residential heating
Sawdust	3400-3600	4000-4300	High moisture content reduces GCV	Biomass boilers, pellet production
Eucalyptus Bark	4000-4200	4500-4800	Resin and moisture levels	Industrial heating, co-firing
Alfalfa	3200-3400	3600-3900	High moisture and fiber content	Biomass plants, rural heating
Corn Cob	≈ 4238	4500-5000	Dry and dense, high energy output	Biomass power generation, co-firing
Rice Husk	3300-3500	3800-4000	High silica content	Biomass boilers, especially designed for high ash
Rice Straw	≈ 3200	3600-4000	High silica and ash content	Biomass plants designed for high ash content
Napier Grass	≈ 3000-3200	3500-3800	Moisture content, fibrous nature	Green energy production, pellet mills
Sugarcane Bagasse	3200-3500	3800-4100	Moisture and fiber content, residual sugars	Sugar mills, co-generation in power plants
Peanut Shell	≈ 5119	5400-5900	High oil content increases calorific value	Biomass boilers, energy-dense fuel additive
Sunflower Husk	3200-3400	3600-3900	High ash and fibrous content	Biomass boilers, agricultural waste energy
Bamboo	4200-4500	4600-5000	High lignin and cellulose content	High-grade fuel for pellet production
Bamboo Bark	4000-4200	4400-4700	Lower density than bamboo core	Pellet production, power generation
Press Mud	2900-3100	3200-3500	High moisture content, low density	Agricultural and rural heating, low-cost energy
Mustard Stalk	3300-3500	3700-4000	High cellulose content, moisture affects energy output	Biomass plants, co-firing with other biomass

Key Takeaways:

• Torrefied Biomass consistently shows a 10-25% increase in GCV, improving energy efficiency.
• High-GCV Materials: Peanut shell and bamboo stand out for their high calorific values, making them excellent choices for high-efficiency biomass energy systems.
• Low-GCV Materials: Rice straw, press mud, and alfalfa have lower GCVs, suited for bulk energy production at lower costs or rural applications.

If you’d like to explore more materials or detailed properties, feel free to ask!